Perceptions of Inequality in Arizona Politics :: Essays Papers

Perceptions of Inequality in Arizona Politics On November 1912, women won the right to vote in Arizona. This period of time marked a lot of changes for women and politics in Arizona. Women had to struggle against a male dominated society that influenced their vote despite their new freedom to vote as they saw fit. The right to vote eventually led to a proliferation of women running for local, state, and national offices. Those running for office faced skepticism about their capabilities as a politician, concern over whether they had the drive, intelligence, and strength to face down opponents within the political arena. Despite these obstacles, women have proven to be successful politicians and have infiltrated the ranks of male dominated government systems, both within states and nationwide. Today, women are virtually equal to men as far as their capabilities are concerned, yet are still under-represented in the national political scene. By reviewing a brief history of a few women in politics in Arizona and examining current political themes, a platform is formed that allows an understanding and recognition of the struggles and progression of women in politics today. I. Sharlot Hall: Pioneer in Arizona Politics One of the first and most famous women to emerge into Arizona politics was Sharlot Hall. Hall was the only daughter of a pioneer family that arrived in Arizona in 1882. Extremely bright, Hall read books often and developed a love for writing and free expression, an expression that was mocked by her father. Despite her family’s misgivings she continued to write poems and stories and was first published at the age of twenty-two. From that moment on her literary flare blossomed. Hall became an expert on writing about the beauty and solitude of the southwest and was published regularly in the magazine Land of Sunshine (Weston, 543). However, her writings were not her only contribution to her state. At the time, Arizona was still not a state and President Roosevelt suggested that New Mexico and Arizona be declared one territory. Her indignance ignited, Hall wrote a poem about Roosevelt’s intentions, which was orated on the floor of the U.S. Congress. While her poem likely had little to do with Arizona’s subsequent separate statehood in 1912, this event marked Hall’s entrance into Arizona politics.

Karl Marx and Max Weber Essay

Karl Marx and Max Weber are among the famous theorist who formed the pillar of the study of society. This come about in their contradict theories the conflict and protestant ethic respectively. It is understood that these two people lived in different eras, Marx being exposed to conditions and perspectives of the eighteen century whilst Weber dwells in the nineteen century where noticeable changes on the fast emergence of innovative technology, and a path where modernity take its toll (the industrial revolution) (Tui, 2014). The theories of Marx and Weber were applicable in their times with regards to the type, functions and interactions existing within society. As follows is the discussion of their main arguments on the contrary of their perspectives on the basis of society. According to Karl Marx, society of all hitherto is the result of social stratification and conflict. The organized economic activities and mode of production, determined the division of labor which causes the formation of two classes, the bourgeoisies and the proletariat (the rich and the poor) showing opposition (antagonistic interaction). The proletariat (working class) controlled the modes of production while the bourgeois owned the means of production (Brym & Lie, 2007). The conflict theory by Marx, argued that a position in a productive system is the basis of peoples conflict. The rich attained privilege of accessing revenue and surplus whilst the poor did not resist, but remained subordinate. The bourgeois also maintained their interest by suppressing and maintaining the subordination of the proletariat (Worsley, et al., 1970). A revolution originated on the fact that men realized how capitalism deprives them of self-independence and freedom. Capitalism also increased inequality within society and enhanced further subordination of the working class. Marx believed that in the f uture there will be classless societies ( (Worsley, et al., 1970)). Therefore modern society is the result of the breakdown of the feudal system; the proletariats were being absorbed by the bourgeois to work in their factory, hence bringing society to the end of communism (Tui, 2014). But also a classless society still experienced antagonistic, a trend of dependency between these two class, that is the bourgeois depend on the manual labor and productivity of the proletariat and vice versa, for their stability and co-existence. In contrast, Weber, in his theory, the protestant ethics, believed in hard work, personal achievement and motivations. It focuses on  individual actions and most importantly an individual’s knowledge and skills to bring about transformation of new society. In other words people consciously making decision at important times or junctures (Tui, 2014). People whom abided to protestant ethics and maintain the spirit of capitalism succeeded economically. He emphasized the importance of the growth of the service sector of th e economy, with its many non-manual workers and professionals. He also articulated that capitalist development was not just caused by favorable economic conditions but religious beliefs also plays an important role (awareness to the society of values and virtues: right and wrong) of facilitating great capitalist growth. He argued that Marx, fails to see that people in society can improve their condition in terms of education, technology to attain a better standard of living. Weber, also showed the flaws of the Conflict theory whereby he said that a revolution is not necessarily the solution to dissatisfaction and grievances. There are medium of resolving matters peacefully whereby the government is required to improve such conditions (Weber, 2005). In light of the above arguments, there is also controversy and contradiction in their discussion of class (created by eligibility and accessing to product of economy), status (social honor or professional position) and power (the ability and opportunity to control) (Worsley, et al., 1970). According to Marx, in society, there are two distinct classes: the bourgeois and the proletariat. These classes were inherited and there is nothing that can be done apart from revolution that can make the differences. The revolution would result in a classless society where the state come to own the means of production. According to Marx, whoever has a class will have a complimentary standard of status and power. For him class is the originator of all kinds of status in society and source of power. He also stated that traditional status ascribed was used to acquire power such as the members of the noble family were born and entitled to rule. This class of nobles subsequently has high social status (Brym & Lie, 2007). Weber strongly argued that class, status and power were three totally different categories. Status and power were achieved through ones commitment and successes. It favored the concept of meritocracy which allows people to rise or fall to a position that matches their talent and efforts ( (Brym & Lie, 2007)). All of these were independent of each other. It is not necessary of an individual  or group of people in high class to have a corresponding level(s) of status and power. In general, class is directly related to how people have access to part of the society’s resources. Class should be related to your ability to buy power or your market position (Tui, 2014). Such as a proletariat can become a very important figure in government just because of his/her qualification, oratory skills and achievement. For example a Chief Executive Officer (CEO), commissioner of police, captain. These people worked their way like every proletariat from scratch and because of their ambition and hard work they are able to become successful, even though they do not have a royal or ruling background After having compared the two theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber, the latter theory of protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism by Max Weber is considered the best and useful theory to understand and explain the dynamics of my local society. Kiribati society is an example of an egalitarian society whereby people are equal and have the same rights and opportunities. The decision making process and access to government’s resources and all opportunities are carried out following established processes and procedures. Everyone is given a chance to talk for themselves or by a representative (Teitiniman, 1993). As mentioned earlier, access to opportunities are open to everyone such as position in government and non-government organization through advertisement. Eligible candidates announced and a screening test is conducted to screen out best candidates. It takes one’s effort, hardship and commitment towards professional development in order to improve life conditioning, status and attainment of power for example people acquiring scholarship for higher qualification and to qualify a higher post with high salary in the government institution (Itaia, 1979). According to Koae (1993) and agreed by Macdonald (2001) there are existing mediums of solving any grievance and dissatisfaction. These are put up in writing to the concerned department and or are taken up to court. Communities’ views and perspectives are considered as a means of improvement to policing strategies such as that adopted by the Kiribati Police Services. Elections of leaders are conducted on the basis of the public vote towards candidates (Brechtefeld, 1993). As Weber highlighted, class, status and power are achieved which is correspondingly true of my Kiribati so ciety. Peoples’ hard work irrespective of religious beliefs and traditional social class and status, have equal and equitable access to opportunities which determine social and economic standings in my society. Bibliography Brechtefeld, N., 1993. The Electoral System. In: H. V. Trease, ed. Atoll Politics. Christchurch: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, pp. 43, 44, 45. Brym, R. J. & Lie, J., 2007. Sociology Your Compass for a New World. third ed. California: Thomson Wadsworth. Itaia, M., 1979. Rebirth Te Mauri, Te Raoi, ao Te Tabomoa. In: KIRIBATI Aspects of History. Suva: Institutes of Pacific Studies, The University of the South Pacific, pp. 123,124. Koae, T., 1993. Corrupt and Illegal Electoral Practices. In: H. V. Trease, ed. Atoll Politics. Christchurch: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, pp. 105-110. Macdonald, B., 2001. Cinderellas of the Empire. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies, The University of the South Pacific. Teitiniman, T., 1993. Serving the People. In: H. V. Trease, ed. Atoll Politics. Christchurch: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, pp. 343, 344, 345. Tui, R., 2014. Social Structures in Modern/Contemporary Societies. Suva: s.n. Weber, M., 2005. The Protestan t Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library,. Worsley, P. et al., 1970. INTRODUCING SOCIOLOGY. 1 ed. Victoria: Penguin Education.

Patriarchy A Female s Vision Of An Ideal Woman

Patriarchy grounds itself in the complete subordination and exclusion of women in politics and power, limiting the full potential of women. Within Marie de France’s Breton lai, Lanval, Lanval’s lady subverts the role of patriarchy in the court by presenting her beauty as a powerful force that her husband is completely dependent on. Although her subversion of patriarchy in court is admirable, her characterization as an authoritative woman mimics a male’s vision of an ideal woman. In contrast, the cunning queen Elizabeth I easily steps over the conventional norms of patriarchy through her invocation of both male and female power. Throughout her assuring speech, â€Å"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury,† Elizabeth emphasizes that although she may appear to be physically female, she is no less capable of ruling the country than her male equivalent. By appearing to be unconventional in her position of power, Elizabeth I is able to replace the stereotype of docilit y in women into capability in women. Thus, whereas Lanval’s lady subverts patriarchy in politics by conforming to male standards of hypersexuality, Queen Elizabeth I pushes further by rejecting societal norms of women and represents a progression in instilling a sense of agency for women. Although Lanval’s lady conforms to the one-dimensional view of the ideal woman, she still is able to exert her own agency in her relationship with Lanval. Because Lanval is discarded by his own court as an unchivalrous liar, Lanval’s ladyShow MoreRelatedGender Roles : Traditional Vs. Modern Woman1572 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper Gender Role: Traditional vs. Modern Woman In Virginia Woolf’s modernist novel To the Lighthouse, she inspects various themes, and the theme of female gender role is one of them. Through the stream of consciousness Woolf channels into the inner world of her characters and expresses these themes through their thoughts and feelings. A central motif of the novel is the parallelism of Mrs. Ramsay, the traditional woman and Lily, the modern woman. In essence, Woolf argues that through explorationRead MoreBlack Women And Feminism By Bell Hooks Ain t I A Woman1717 Words   |  7 PagesBlack women have long been oppressed since they first arrived to the American colonies. Bell Hooks’ Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism traces the steps of slavery to the feminist movements in the 1970s. Written from a black feminist perspective, the book examines the impact of sexism during slavery, the devaluation of black womanhood, the imperialism of patriarchy, racism and feminism, and black women and feminism. Hooks attempts to move beyond racist and sexist assumptions regarding blackRead More Comparing Jane Eyre and Yellow Wallpaper1650 Words   |  7 Pagespatriarchal conception of marriage. In The Yellow Wallpaper and Jane Eyre, madness is the result of patriarchal oppression in marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A motif of doubling between a sane woman and a madwoman exists in both works. In The Yellow Wallpaper the narrator is doubled by the ghostly image of a creeping woman behind the pattern of the paper. Bertha serves as Janes mad double in Jane Eyre. The mad double is used as a warning of the future potential of the narrator. Unheeded, as in The YellowRead MoreDavid Herbert Lawrence s Moral And Mental Issues1438 Words   |  6 PagesEastwood, Nottinghamshire(Becket 6). He lived in a poor family. His literary books generated mass contradictions and some of his books were banned because of offensive content.He was affected by the old traditions of the 19th century and the new ideals of the early 20th century.(Christinat iii). Lawrentian novels were full of poor dissenters and used these kinds of people for taking ideas for his writings. Also, some critics assert that there is no contact between his autobiography and writingsRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton And Judy Brady s Women Empowerment And Equity939 Words   |  4 Pagesstandards. That â€Å"He† can make the codes of with we all live by as man and woman different to play more in the favor of men. Causing for half of the people in America –women- oppressed, abandoned, and misrepresented in social, religious, and political views (p. 558 paragraphs 16-20). She noted every wrongdoing that the patriarchy has done to women to break them down to puppets on string. 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That made her really independent and the pattern of woman as an artist-outsider will later be present in her stories. Writing in the period of immense transmogrification of social order, which influenced her way of writing and defined the selection of themes mentioned in her stories. The pre-capitalist slaveryRead MoreFeminist Christology1766 Words   |  8 Pagestheologians work with the liberation model in the sense that they seek the dismantling of patriarchy and equal justice especially for the dispossessed. Feminist liberation theology arises out of the recognition of the suffering of a particular oppressed group, in this case women. Consciousness of the ways women are perpetually relegated to second class citizenship in society and church, in contrast to women s essential human dignity, gives rise to outrage: this should not be; this is against theRead MoreThe Biological Theory Kate Millet Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesphysical strength is not a factor in political relations- vide those of race and class†.(Millet, 27). Kate Millet points out in ancient society at some point took a turn toward patriarchy, displacing female function in procreation and attributing the power of life to phallus alone. The temperamental distinction created in patriarchy (‘masculine’ and feminine’ personal traits does not appear to originate in human nature, but popular attitude, patriarchal religion tends to assume these psycho- social distinctionsRead MoreWomen s Equalit y For Women1407 Words   |  6 Pagesideology of patriarchy. Going against social norms of patriarchy will result in liberation for women, men, minorities, and gays. There are many different types of Feminism, which includes Liberal, Radical, and Social Feminism. Liberal feminism is reformist who believes in the viability of the present system, which includes education and employment. These types of feminists believe that oppression exists because of the way in which men and women are socialized, which supports patriarchy and keeps men

Essay about Substance Abuse Recovery - 824 Words

Despite the higher cost, a high-end substance abuse treatment center does not constitute better treatment. The support of therapists, counselors, family, friends, and peers can all be important factors in the recovery process. The most significant factor for an individual in the recovery process is a desire and a willingness to change. Many options exist for individuals that want to recover from addiction. These options include substance abuse rehabilitation centers and support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and SMART Recovery. These programs all have the same goal but use different techniques that at times even contradict other programs. Although the approach of the programs may vary, they have all been proven to work for certain†¦show more content†¦Many reformed addicts also believe they are no longer in recovery from addiction and they simply just quit. The beliefs of the twelve-step program may not appeal to everyone but the key to the program is recognizing a prob lem and taking the steps to correct it. SMART Recovery (Self-Management and Recovery Training) is a nonprofit support group that was founded in 1994 (cite). Whereas the twelve-step program views addiction as a disease, SMART Recovery takes the cognitive approach that addiction is a behavior that has been learned (cite). The twelve-step program and SMART Recovery also contradict each other on how long an individual must be in recovery. Because SMART Recovery views addiction as a learned behavior, the program teaches that the same behavior can be unlearned. Once the behavior has been unlearned an individual may graduate the program and no longer needs to attend support group meetings. SMART Recovery focuses its treatment on what it calls the Four-Point Program: Enhancing and Maintaining Motivation, Coping with Urges, Problem Solving, and Lifestyle Balance (cite). The scientific approach used by SMART Recovery can be very appealing to those that may not feel comfortable with the twelve-step model. SMART Recovery has become su ccessful because it focuses on the initial desire of changing the behavior and teaches ways of following through to recovery. The most intensive type of substance abuse treatment is through in-patient rehabilitation centers.Show MoreRelatedSpirituality and Substance Abuse Recovery Essay2818 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction According to the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and the transtheoretical model of change, â€Å"for most people with substance abuse problems, recurrence of substance use is the rule not the exception† (Enhancing Motivation for Change, 1999, p. xvii). Relapse can and most likely will occur in recovery, and should be recognized as well as anticipated by substance abuse recovery counselors. The significant challenges to counselors are bringing a client successfully and securely throughRead MoreSubstance Abuse : Alcoholics Anonymous, Smart Recovery1528 Words   |  7 PagesPsychoeducational groups relating to additions or substance abuse are designed to assist participants in their stages of change, learn about recovery, provide information to families to understand behaviors, and to assist participants with resources and skills (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). Psychoeducational groups will support participants and encourage them to take responsibilit y for their actions. These groups will utilize different methods to replace addictive behavior andRead MoreDysthymia And Substance Abuse Within Adults And Treatments Used For Recovery1576 Words   |  7 PagesDysthymia and Substance Abuse within Adults and the Treatments Used for Recovery Dysthymia (recently categorized into a new disorder called Persistent Depressive Disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM – V)) is a mood disorder where an adult has depression that lasts for at least two years or longer. While moderately depressed, according to Butcher, Hooley, and Mineka (2014), a person must also have at least two or more symptoms to be diagnosed withRead MoreA Substance Abuse Recovery Home1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe need for a substance abuse recovery home in Starke County, Indiana is a need that is unmistakable in the county based on the hefty number of individuals that suffer from substance abuse and dependency in the county which is clearly displayed by the recent number of crimes that are related to or involve illicit and prescription drugs. In attempt to meet this need and create an opportunity for individuals suffering from substance abuse and dependency to receive local substance abuse treatment inR ead MoreMindfulness Practice On Substance Abuse Recovery3566 Words   |  15 PagesChicago State University # of words College of Pharmacy 9501 S King Dr. Chicago, IL 60628 (773) 995- 2000 Mindfulness Practice in Substance Abuse Recovery By: Nicole Latimore Nidhi Patel Lauren Pestka Yaritza Lopez Abstract: Objective ---Mindfulness is known as the ability to maintain a continuous awareness of environment, feelings, sensations, and thoughts. This practice focuses on the acceptance of what is happening around and within ourselves by being conscious of our feelingsRead MoreHow Are Sleeping Aids For Individuals In Recovery From Substance Abuse And Relapse?868 Words   |  4 PagesSleeping Aids for Individuals in Recovery from Substance Abuse The use of any medication that has the potential for misuse or abuse is of critical consideration when working with individuals in recovery. Specifically, if an individual is open with a counselor, prescribing physician, or psychiatrist, about their past substance abuse and dependency, they in turn have placed a large amount of trust in these professionals related to appropriate treatment and decision-making. One of the primary issuesRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Body And Playgrounds Of The Substance Dependent963 Words   |  4 PagesRecovery is dependent upon the individual’s willingness to change and the dedication to create a new life. Changing the playmates and playgrounds of the substance dependent, may seem simple in concept, but often proves difficult in action. When drug use begins, many enter into the lifestyle accompanied by like-minded peers. As the disease of addiction progresses, the dynamics of the environment the individual uses in will change. Finally, when sobriety is sought, the decision to leave behind thisRead MoreSubstance Use Disorders ( Suds )1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermined that children raised by substance using parents are at an increased risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood as a result of familial dissemination of substance abuse through both the environments in which the children are raised and genetic susceptibility (Merikangas et al., 1998; Merikangas Avenevoli, 2000). Unfortunately, there is an insignificant amount of literature examining the effects that the combined treatment and recovery of substance abusing parents has on theRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy For Substance Abuse1574 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance abuse consists of an individual exhibiting dysfunctional behavior as a result of consuming psychoactive substances that eventually culminate in adverse consequences. According to the 2013, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 24.6 million Americans over the age of 12 were current illicit drug users; moreover, 136.9 million Americans were current alcohol users, which is more than half (52.2%) of the American population (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationRead MoreRelapse in Substance Abuse Treatment Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesRelapse Prevention in Substance Abuse Treatment In relation to drug abuse, relapse is resuming the use of a chemical substance or drug after a period of abstinence. The term can be said to be a landmark feature of a combination of substance abuse and substance independence. The propensity for dependency, repeated use, and tendencies that take the form of the substance being used, are some of the issues that drug users’ experience. Substances that enhance most severe tendencies in users and pose high

Frederick Douglass Should Be Considered A Maryland State

Frederick Douglass should be considered a Maryland State Author despite the deplorable societal conditions that constrained lives of African-Americans. Frederick Douglass managed to rise above them, and ascended from the society’s lowest conditions of slavery and racism, to become an important, and a strong proponent of change in the ancient American society. Because of his enthusiasm to work towards achieving change for himself and for society, he has received tribute of admiration from various races and classes of people. Some of the reasons why Frederick Douglass is admired not only by African-Americans, but also the American society at large are that, he achieved his elevation from a despised African-America slave into a figure of reference through his native energy, that was guided by wisdom and prudence. This research papers seeks to establish an argument that Frederick Douglass should be considered a Maryland State Author. The paper will establish that Frederick Douglas s was born in Maryland and he used his impeccable skills as a journalist, an orator, and a writer to fight for the rights of African-Americans, including abolition of slavery and eradication of racial discrimination. He used his skills to fight for his fellow Americans; in Maryland and in American at large. Robinson and Stanger state that â€Å"Some of the criteria used in identifying state authors include: Their fame, must be born in the state, literal acclaim, and sometimesShow MoreRelatedThe Life And Accomplishments Of Frederick Douglass1201 Words   |  5 Pagesto becoming free, one must not fail to mention the life and accomplishments of Frederick Douglass. The actions taken by Frederick Douglas and others that pave the way were perceived as huge achievements then and now. Negros, as they were called in the 17th and 18th century where considered nothing more than slaves. Being a slave did not grant human rights to anything at any time or any place. But Frederick Douglass ha d different plans other than only being a slave. Overcoming slavery would becomeRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom1393 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1855, My Bondage and My Freedom, was published by Fredrick Douglass. Douglass was a slave, but he was much more than just someone’s property. He was born in Talbot County, Maryland in 1818. Slavery during this time was in full effect. Families were being separated and ripped apart from one another, and sold to masters. My Bondage and My Freedom was an autobiography written by Douglass after he was free from slavery. This book is more than just a summary of a historian’s explanation of slavery;Read MoreAfrican American Leaders Post- Reconstruction Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery, I cannot but hate it. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because† it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world†. Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth President of the Un ited States in 1861. Growing up in non-slave territories as a child and disapproving of slavery, Lincoln had little support in the South. With the country moving forward into a new capitalist society through modernization, new workers would be needed. The SouthRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreAnalysis Of Fredrick Douglass s If There Is No Struggle 1395 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Todd Mr. Sotak English 9 23 May, 2016 Activism within Fredrick Douglass â€Å"If there is no struggle, there is no progression,† is what Fredrick Douglass said during his speech at Canandaigua, New York During an event celebrating West Indian Emancipation Day (blackpast.org). This is saying that struggles and hardships need to happen to get anything accomplished. A lot of people today view Fredrick Douglass as a civil rights activist because the things he has achieved and the way he has positivelyRead MoreBeing Raised As Slaves By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass953 Words   |  4 Pagesraised as slaves; both Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass devoted their professional life for telling their true story based on their own experience. As a matter of fact, their works â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† (1861) and â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave† (1845) are considered the most important works in the genre of slave narrative or of enslavement. Thus, this paper will compare and cont rast between Jacobs and Douglass in terms of the aforementioned worksRead MoreNarrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreHarriet Tubman And Frederick Douglass1749 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy. Leaders like Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and William Lloyd Garrison were instrumental in freeing the black slaves and helping draw attention to the grave inequalities between the races in the United States. Through Harriet Tubman’s growth from a slav e to a â€Å"criminal† who helped free over 300 hundred slaves in her lifetime, and Frederick Douglass’s amazing literary works which were inspired by his life, such as, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave, which trulyRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass909 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglas is a former slave, abolitionist, writer, editor, and orator. He was born in 1818 and died in 1895. Throughout Douglass’ early years he suffered physical abuse, deprivation, and tragedy. Although he had a rough start he overcame every obstacle thrown his way and became a great spokesman for his people. Douglass didn’t really know who was as a person all he knew was what people told him. Throughout his early life he looked at the life of the white kids and judge his life based onRead MoreAmerica s New Tax Laws Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesmany other places except from the united states. The document â€Å"Letters in the Liberator† by Angelina Grimke is a powerful piece. The end of the revolution didn’t change the status of women. According to Eric Foner, â€Å"men took pride in qualities like independence and masculinity that distinguished them from women and still considered control over their families an element of freedom.† (Foner 242) Men thought of themselves as superior individuals and considered women to being submissive and inferior

Urban Education Free Essays

With the growing count of people in suburban areas, cities are left with less money and aid to support its urban settings. The lack of financial support put the schools at a disadvantage; the schools averages are extremely low and the children, as well as parents, are frustrated with their current situation and the schools. On top of students’ lack of effort in school work, the schools are, many times, unable to better the students’ learning experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The overlooked indicators of a school can range from a school’s level of safety, the cooperation of teachers and the relationship between a school and the parents it serves, are ignored all too often; these unnoticed factors vastly affect the schools chances of success. These minor issues impact the school’s ambiance, making it difficult for the children to learn. The school’s test scores, graduation rates, and drop-out rates should certainly be scrutinized, yet the school’s overall environment should be checked as well. The state of Illinois has taken quite well to the concept of enhancing the environment and has applied it to its most rambunctious and poorly rated schools. The Academy for Urban School Leadership (AUSL) has introduced the recently implemented initiative of Turnaround schools. The concept of Turnaround was founded in the 1990’s, but has been accepted by several areas, one such place being Chicago. Schools which have already received the Turnaround program have seen phenomenal academic results after as little as one year.The program not only affects the academics of the school, but it also places focus on social and behavioral support for the students. Turnaround places an expert, like a senior educator or social worker, in an intense consultancy with three schools over a three-year period and, in that time, the team partners with principals , creates sustainable new practices that produce a positive school culture, such as student support services, all of which eventually belo ng to the school itself. The Turnaround schools required all adults everyone from the principal to janitors to be replaced; they also renovated the entire school. The students returned the next fall to a newly refurbished building and a completely different teaching staff. Such an extensive project provides great changes at a cost of about 500 dollars per child per year. This is one of the reasons that Turnaround has had the enthusiastic support of Chancellor Joel Klein, as well as former Turnaround board member Eric Holder. Turnaround worked lengthily with Holder’s Children Exposed to Violence Initiative. The astonishing track record and cost structure positions it well, at a time when national education reform efforts will increase the demand for more Turnaround schools.Illinois has been inspired by other Turnaround schools to have its own schools â€Å"turned around. † The first area, of the Illinois Turnaround schools, to implement this program was Harvard Elementary School, of Chicago. Even for a city that already leads the nation in school-reform ideas; the proposal was unusually bold and sweeping. Before being changed, the school was similar to that of a summer day-camp, full of boisterous children unable to sit still. Harvard Elementary Children ran about the hallways, swore to their teachers, and had no regard for school property.One would assume a change, such as this, would whole-heartedly be accepted; yet many were disgruntled by this undergoing. The teachers, many near their retirements, were forcefully replaced and all old ties with students would be broken off. Many argued over the instabilities of the children’s lives. With so much uncertainty in the children’s lives, school was their only safe haven. Inner-city Children live under harsh conditions at home, many bordering the thin line of poverty. They witness constant unrest at home, whether from parent’s fighting or violence outside their home.This constant exposure to violence will surely have an effect on the children; there is a possibility of bitter resentment against the child’s way of living, causing them to be violent as well. The phrase â€Å"monkey see, monkey do† applies with such children. When in school, children are bound to express their anger through means of violence, such as fighting and destructive behavior. Turnaround wants to take inner-city schools, with violence and below-average test scores, to change them into productive places of learning.Turnaround has proved tremendously successful and the Harvard Elementary School is living proof. The children now walk in straight lines, respect teachers, and display exemplary manners. The Harvard Elementary School, along with the several other Turnaround schools, should set an example for the other areas of pitiable urban education. Based simply on facts, there is no reason why a school, in such desperation, should not execute the Turnaround project. More importantly the students will be exposed to a positive setting and allow access to student help centers.The schools will not only raise their test scores, but the students will leave school, having received an outstanding education, under their circumstances. With the Turnaround schools exhibiting great triumph over the issue of inner-city children not succeeding in schools, this program will change that. Hopefully all inner-city schools initiate this program to help their students achieve victory in school work. For that reason, the representatives of Illinois wish to collaborate with others to achieve a nationwide Turnaround programs to solve the problem of urban education. How to cite Urban Education, Papers

Management Organizational Behavior- Apple free essay sample

If there is a survey about which business you believe is the most valuable and has most revolutionary influence on the society last ten years, it must be true that most of the people will choose Apple. From some professional evaluation about Apple, it describes Apple as an enterprise which has ability to take over the world one bite at a time and is already doing it. As of July 2011, Apple is the largest publicly traded company in the world by market capitalization with 357 retail stores in ten countries and 60,400 permanent full-time employees and 2,900 temporary full-time employees around the world. At the same time, its revenue and profit is more than Google and Microsoft combined, and its annual revenue is totaled $65 billion in 2010 and is growing to $108 billion in 2011 miraculously. Apple not only is one of the most successful enterprises in the world nowadays, but also already is a creative, miraculous and revolutionary company which is founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 during its starting stage. Apple’s organizational mission is providing products which are innovative leadership and needed for consumers. Obviously, Apple already achieves its mission perfectly by creating its unprecedented products like iPod, iPhone, iPad, and iMac. Actually, what Apple achieves must connect with its organizational culture, management and structure. All of these factors link with each others closely and influence entire performance as well as operation. Its creative culture is implementing in every position in the company and provide a mass of inspire to let employees think and create differently. Also, its open and flexible management as well as structure enable every outstanding inspire can be applied, which will stimulate free creation and inspire by employees. Apple’s management focuses on trusting employees and creating a productive environment with Apples Values. Although Apple already is a legendary business, it’s impossible for it to avoid the influence by internal issues and external issues. The latest and the most serious internal issue must be the quit and death of Steve Jobs, which reflects that Steve Jobs’s generation is ended and Apple will step into a new stage. Apple not only is losing a top CEO who has top managerial ability as well as experience and excellent partnerships in the technology industry, but also a hero, a symbol and a culture in the entire business. Also, the signal problem of some iPhone reflects the quality of Apple’s products and designs are not good enough, which brings about the trust crisis of consumers and investors. It also is harm the organizational reputation and image which are famous of high quality and outstanding design. At the same time, Apple’s operation is affected by the external competition a lot. As the developing of Android, Samsung and Motorola are gaining more and more market share from Apple, and those companies already can follow the steps of Apple. More and more consumers of Apple are starting to accept the other brands’ products, and they believe the other brands can replace Apple well and ever better than it. Apple’s situation is not so perfect as most of people’s opinion. However, Apple’s organizational management still is an outstanding example for most of the business in the world, and worth to learn about it. The reason why Apple enterprise is able to keep on developing its excellent operating and management is that Apple builds a mature system of organizational culture, design and structure. These three elements influence entire business system which includes all the employees. For the organizational culture, many experts believe a strong or weak culture can determine a business is successful or not. And it includes three levels which are behavior, values and beliefs and assumptions. Obviously, Apple is an enterprise with a very strong organizational culture which makes employees recognize the shared assumptions, values and beliefs. According to Don Reisinger’s article from internet, it states that Apple’s corporate cultures are focusing on design, believing Apple is better than all others and believing in Jobs. In technological market, Apple is famous, as it cares more about the design of the products more than other companies. Apple encourages its employees actively share their opinions and inspires, which can create an explicit direction for employees’ assumptions, values and beliefs, and behavior. At the same time, this corporate culture allows employees communicate and cooperate easier, and their consensus can be reached easily. By stimulating creative inspires, Apple can collect a mass of inspires from its employees and select which one can be most suitable. Therefore, Apple always can create some unique products which are able to meet the desires and wants of the consumers. At the same time, Apple’s culture leads employees to believe Apple is better than all the others. Actually, it provides confidence to employees, which can stimulate employees’ creation and develop their opinions. Lastly, the most important one is the complete trust in Jobs who s the founder and the brain of Apple. According to the definition of organizational culture, it states that organizational culture can be represented by heroes, stories, slogans, symbols and ceremonies. In Apple, Steve Jobs himself is a hero and savior, as he revives Apple’s aging business model, innovates products which are beyond all expectations and builds successful strategic partnership with others. Also, what he does in Apple is the lege ndary stories for all the employees, which can provide clear model to motivate their attitudes. For instance, Jobs told his employees that â€Å"Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly, and get on with improving your other innovations. † This speech can encourage employees to innovate fearlessly. In addition, Apple’s cultures not only affect its employees, but also its consumers who believe Apple’s design, quality and reputation. At the same time, the effect of organizational design and structure provide more continuous vitality to Apple for facing the developing marketable environment. Actually, organizational design refers to the systemic process of reshaping organizational structures and roles for improving efficiency of enterprise. And it must consider some contingency factors like environment, production technology, strategy, and size of the organization. With the consideration of these contingency factors, organization needs to select the types of departmentalization which refers to the grouping of related activities into units. In Apple, it applies functional and geographic departmentalization. In functional way, Tim Cook who is the current CEO in Apple has the most powerful authority and management directly different functional departments like design, finance, and software. Each functional department has its specific power and responsibility. For instance, the department of finance is focusing on the control of cost and risk, and the department of design is focusing on the exterior design of products. Also, Apple applies geographic departmentalization which refers to establish separate unites in each area where the organization does business. Departmentalizing in the geographic way is fit for most large companies especially global companies like Apple. In Apple, CEO is in the top level and has most of the authority like the other departmentalization. The second level is the departments which are responsible for different regions like department in America, Europe, and Pacific region. And these territory departments have their specific and lower departments. For instance, there will be department of Japan, Australia and Far East under department in Pacific region. In summary, the organizational structure of Apple is meeting its strategic objective that CEO is the centre and other departments are working around him. Also, the design and structure allow Apple’s corporate culture become more effective. Organizational design, structure and culture which are three key elements in Apple are actually linking together closely, and have chain effect. Therefore, it’s necessary to maintain all of them working in a stable and compatible status for enabling Apple keep on growing in the highly competitive market. However, only having those outstanding marco-organizational elements is not enough for this large and global enterprise to gain more competitive advantage, as the excellent internal management also is importantly required. For the managers in different departments, the basic functions are planning, organizing, leading and controlling well, which can be the indicators reflect whether a organization has excellent internal management or not. In Apple which has more than 60,000 employees around the world, it must be a challenge for managers to direct and possess employees well. Although Apple has successful advantage of quality and numbers of employees, how to manage unavoidable conflict and motivate employees well is a difficult problem for managers. Conflicts in organizations can be classified into intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup. Conflict is needed to understand and diagnose correctly by managers, as it will bring about some serious negative effects like insubordination, lack of direction and even organizational fragmentation. When most of the companies face internal conflict, they always want to achieve peace by deliberating on the common points connecting the two conflicting people or groups. Specially, Apple not only uses this way to manage conflict, but also apply the open confrontation which refers to the conflicting people or groups are allowed to discuss frankly and confront each other unswervingly, as Apple believes the conflicting people or groups are just aiming to help organization to gain the most profit. At the same time, the way of motivate employees in Apple plays a key role for creating a top employee team in the world. Apple always provides clear vision and direction for employees to follow, so that employees can recognize what they need to do clearly. Unlike other large enterprises, as Apple builds excellent employee relations and communications, which are not limited by the level of employees, employees’ personal vision and opinion can easily communicate with others. Also, Apple is an enterprise which needs so much inspires and creative ideas, so that it need employees to keep on creating. In Apple, if you can provide an outstanding inspire or creation no matter which level of employee you are, you will be the hero in the company. By motivating, employees in Apple always are working in an active and creative status. For someone who wants to be an outstanding manager, the management in Apple must be a successful example to study and understand. A clear and practical managerial vision must be defined before doing anything else, and a manager must recognize the effect and result after applying his or her management. The managerial objective is at the centre of the managerial system, and the organizational culture, design and structure are built around the objective. For the organizational design and structure, both of them should be built base on the actual situation of enterprise and the industry environment. For the successful organizational culture, it should be contagious for the employees, with organizational characteristics, creative and ability to spread the culture to consumers. For the managerial functions, managers should pay equal attention on planning, organizing, leading and controlling, and should not ignore the importance of one of them. Especially, managers must understand that only focus on the external management like analyzing the industry environment is not enough. They must recognize the role of human resource management in the organization, as how to motivate employees well and deal with organizational conflict correctly can become significant advantages of the enterprise in current industry environment. In summary, current outstanding managers should be able to provide comprehensive help and support to the organization instead of one-sided. For the recommendations of Apple, the managerial are can be keep on improving. First, the latent fight of authority which will affect the harmonious balance situation and the entire performance seriously should be recognize and prevent at once after the quit of Steve Jobs. Second, Apple should understand the quit of past CEO will bring about change of the organizational structure and access the result of it. Lastly, the corporate culture which believes Apple is the best should be improved, as over spreading this culture may be negative to the employees’ attitude and performance like being arrogant and underestimating competitors. In general, every employee in Apple should have comprehensive understand of the influence by the quit of Steve Jobs. At the same time, maintaining the company in a stable and harmonious status is a basis element for fighting with other companies and keeping organization advantages. Apple must never misestimate the power from management, so that it still able to keep its top place in the world.